Griswold cast iron skillets are highly prized by cooks and collectors alike. Their smooth cooking surface, durability, and historical significance make them a valuable addition to any kitchen. But how do you know how old your Griswold skillet actually is? Determining the age of a Griswold skillet involves examining several key characteristics, including the logo, markings, handle style, and manufacturing process. This guide provides a detailed look at these features, helping you accurately date your vintage cookware.
Understanding the Griswold Legacy
Before diving into the specifics of dating, it’s helpful to understand the history of the Griswold Manufacturing Company. Founded in Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1865, Griswold initially produced a variety of cast iron products. They became renowned for their high-quality cookware, particularly their skillets, griddles, and Dutch ovens. The company was eventually acquired by Wagner in 1957, marking the end of the “true” Griswold era. Knowing this timeline provides a crucial framework for understanding the subtle changes in Griswold cookware over the years.
The Importance of the Logo
The Griswold logo is one of the most important indicators of age. The logo went through several iterations throughout the company’s history. Understanding these changes is critical to dating your skillet.
The Early “ERIE” Logo (1880s – Early 1900s)
The earliest Griswold skillets featured the word “ERIE” prominently displayed, often arched above or below the Griswold name. These skillets are generally the oldest and often the most valuable to collectors. Look for variations in the font and placement of “ERIE”.
The Large Block Logo (Early 1900s – 1920s)
The “Large Block Logo” features the word “GRISWOLD” in large, block letters, often accompanied by “ERIE, PA. U.S.A.” This logo is a common find and indicates a skillet produced during the first two decades of the 20th century. The size of the block letters can vary slightly.
The Small Block Logo (1920s – 1930s)
As the name suggests, the “Small Block Logo” uses smaller block letters for “GRISWOLD.” This logo often appears with a pattern number and the phrase “ERIE, PA., U.S.A.” The transition from the large block to the small block logo happened gradually, so some overlap exists.
The Heat Ring and Its Significance
The presence or absence of a heat ring, a raised ring on the bottom of the skillet, can also help narrow down the age. Early Griswold skillets often lacked a heat ring, while later models almost always had one. This feature was added to provide better heat distribution on gas stoves.
The Large Block Logo with Heat Ring (1920s – Early 1930s)
This logo combines the large block letters with the addition of a heat ring on the bottom of the skillet. This marks a transitional period in Griswold’s manufacturing.
The Small Block Logo with Heat Ring (1930s – 1940s)
This version pairs the small block logo with a heat ring, representing a standard design for much of the 1930s and early 1940s. The markings are generally crisp and well-defined.
The T.M. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. (Trademark Registration)
The inclusion of “T.M. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.” (Trademark Registered U.S. Patent Office) on the logo is another key indicator. This phrase usually indicates a skillet produced after Griswold officially registered its trademark. This typically occurs after the initial introduction of a logo style.
The Large Cross Logo (Late 1940s – 1950s)
Also known as the “Large Cross in a Circle” logo. The cross inside a circle replaced the block lettering. This logo is indicative of later Griswold production, closer to the Wagner acquisition. This logo often includes the phrase “ERIE, PA., U.S.A.”
The Small Cross Logo (1950s)
Similar to the large cross logo, but smaller in size. This version is also found on skillets produced in the later years of Griswold’s independent operation.
The “Griswold’s Erie” Logo
Some later skillets feature the phrase “Griswold’s Erie” in a more stylized font. These are generally considered to be among the last skillets produced before the Wagner acquisition.
The “Wagner Ware Sidney -O-” Griswold Logo
After the acquisition by Wagner, some skillets were marked with a combined “Wagner Ware Sidney -O-” logo alongside the Griswold name. These are clearly post-acquisition pieces.
Analyzing the Handle Design
The handle design of a Griswold skillet also provides clues about its age. Different handle styles were used throughout the company’s history.
Early Handle Designs
Early Griswold skillets often had simpler, less ornate handle designs. Look for handles with a more basic shape and less pronounced detailing.
The “Spider” Handle
The “spider” handle, with its distinctive web-like design, is a recognizable feature of some vintage Griswold skillets. These handles are particularly sought after by collectors.
The Heat Ring Transition and Handle Changes
As the heat ring became standard, handle designs also evolved. Look for more ergonomic handles with better heat dissipation features.
Later Handle Variations
Later Griswold skillets often had handles with a more modern, streamlined design. The shape might be more angular, and the material might be slightly different.
Examining the Markings and Pattern Numbers
In addition to the logo, other markings on the skillet can help determine its age. This includes pattern numbers, size markings, and other manufacturer’s stamps.
The Significance of Pattern Numbers
Griswold skillets were typically marked with a pattern number, which can provide valuable information about the skillet’s design and manufacturing period. These numbers are usually found on the bottom of the skillet.
Size Markings
The size of the skillet is also usually marked on the bottom, often corresponding to the pattern number. This helps identify the specific model and its intended use.
“Erie, PA., U.S.A.”
The presence of “Erie, PA., U.S.A.” indicates that the skillet was manufactured in Griswold’s original factory. This marking is more common on earlier models.
Understanding the Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process used to create Griswold skillets evolved over time. Understanding these changes can provide additional clues about the age of your skillet.
The Early Casting Process
Early Griswold skillets were often cast using a more traditional method, which may result in slight imperfections or variations in the casting.
The Machining Process
Griswold was known for its finely machined cooking surfaces. The smoothness and evenness of the cooking surface can be an indicator of quality and manufacturing period.
The Shift to Automated Production
As manufacturing processes became more automated, the quality and consistency of Griswold skillets improved. This shift is reflected in the design and finish of later models.
Factors Affecting the Value of a Griswold Skillet
The age is only one factor that determines the value of a Griswold skillet. Other factors include condition, rarity, and desirability.
Condition
The condition of the skillet is a major factor in its value. Skillets in excellent condition, with minimal rust, pitting, or damage, are worth more.
Rarity
Some Griswold skillets are rarer than others. Skillets with unusual markings, sizes, or handle designs are more valuable to collectors.
Desirability
Certain Griswold skillets are more desirable to collectors due to their historical significance or unique features. These skillets tend to command higher prices.
Tips for Cleaning and Maintaining Your Griswold Skillet
Proper care and maintenance can help preserve the value and usability of your Griswold skillet.
Seasoning Your Skillet
Seasoning is the process of coating the skillet with oil and baking it to create a non-stick surface. Regular seasoning is essential for maintaining the skillet’s performance.
Cleaning Your Skillet
Avoid using harsh soaps or abrasive cleaners, which can damage the seasoning. Instead, clean the skillet with hot water and a soft sponge.
Preventing Rust
Rust is a common problem with cast iron cookware. To prevent rust, dry the skillet thoroughly after each use and apply a thin coat of oil.
Resources for Griswold Collectors
Several resources are available to help Griswold collectors identify and value their skillets.
Books and Guides
Several books and guides provide detailed information about Griswold cookware, including logo variations, pattern numbers, and value estimates.
Online Forums and Communities
Online forums and communities dedicated to cast iron cookware are a great place to connect with other collectors, share information, and ask questions.
Antique Dealers and Appraisers
Antique dealers and appraisers specializing in cast iron cookware can provide expert advice and valuations.
Determining the age of a Griswold skillet requires careful observation and a bit of research. By examining the logo, handle design, markings, and manufacturing process, you can gain a better understanding of your skillet’s history and value. Remember to factor in condition, rarity, and desirability when assessing its overall worth. With proper care and maintenance, your Griswold skillet can continue to be a treasured piece of cookware for generations to come.
How can I tell if my Griswold skillet is truly vintage?
Vintage Griswold skillets are generally those produced by the Griswold Manufacturing company before its acquisition by Wagner Ware in 1957. The most definitive way to determine if your skillet predates this era is by examining the logo and marking details. Look for the “Erie, PA., U.S.A.” marking underneath the Griswold cross logo. This indicates production during the company’s independent years in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also, the absence of a heat ring (a raised ring on the bottom of the skillet) is another indicator that the piece could be older.
Later Griswold skillets produced under the Wagner Ware ownership usually lack the “Erie, PA., U.S.A.” marking. These skillets often have a smoother, more even cooking surface due to improved casting techniques of the time. While still considered collectible, Wagner-era Griswold skillets are typically less valuable than those manufactured during the original Griswold era.
What is the significance of the Griswold logo and how does it indicate age?
The Griswold logo went through several variations throughout the company’s history, and these changes can help pinpoint the manufacturing period of your skillet. Early logos are often larger, more prominent, and have a bolder font. As the company evolved, the logo became more streamlined, often shrinking in size.
Pay close attention to the orientation and shape of the cross within the logo. The “slant logo,” for example, with the cross tilted slightly, is a marker for certain production periods. Researching and comparing your logo to known examples found in collector guides or online resources can provide a fairly accurate timeframe for when your skillet was manufactured.
What are handle markings, and how can they help me date my Griswold skillet?
Handle markings on Griswold skillets can provide additional clues about their age and manufacturing period. Early Griswold skillets often have simple, unadorned handles. As production techniques evolved, handles were sometimes marked with patent dates or design numbers. These markings can be matched to patent records to establish a date range for the skillet.
Additionally, the style and shape of the handle itself can offer insights. Some older handles, for example, might be more intricately designed or have a different shape than those found on later models. Careful examination and comparison of handle styles can help further refine the dating process.
What is the “small block logo” and why is it important to collectors?
The “small block logo” refers to a smaller, more compact version of the Griswold cross logo that appeared on some skillets. This logo variation is often associated with a specific period in Griswold’s production history, typically after the company was acquired by Wagner Ware. Skillets with this logo are generally considered to be of later manufacture than those with larger or more elaborate logos.
While skillets with the small block logo are still collectible, they are usually less valuable than those bearing earlier logos like the large block logo or slant logo. Collectors often seek out the older logo variations because they represent the original Griswold Manufacturing company’s independent craftsmanship.
How does the absence or presence of a heat ring influence the value and age assessment?
The heat ring, a raised circular ring on the bottom of a skillet, was a common feature on early cast iron cookware. Its purpose was to provide stability when placed on uneven cooktops of the era. The absence of a heat ring can suggest that a skillet was produced later, after smoother, more modern stovetops became prevalent.
However, it’s important to note that not all early Griswold skillets have heat rings. Some models were designed without them, even during the initial production years. Generally, the presence of a heat ring indicates an older skillet designed for older stoves, while its absence suggests a later model designed for smoother cooktops; but it’s not a definitive factor on its own.
Where can I find reliable resources for identifying and dating Griswold skillets?
Several excellent resources are available to assist in identifying and dating Griswold skillets. Collector guides, both in print and online, are invaluable tools. These guides often contain detailed information about logo variations, handle styles, and other identifying characteristics associated with different production periods. The Wagner & Griswold Society (WAGS) is an excellent resource for advanced research and connecting with other collectors.
Online forums and communities dedicated to cast iron cookware collecting can also be helpful. These forums provide a platform for sharing information, asking questions, and comparing notes with other collectors. Reputable websites dedicated to cast iron history and markings also exist, providing detailed information and visual references for identifying and dating Griswold skillets.
Besides age, what other factors affect the value of a Griswold skillet?
While age is a significant factor in determining the value of a Griswold skillet, several other elements contribute to its overall worth. Condition is paramount; skillets in excellent condition, free from cracks, chips, or excessive rust, command higher prices. The presence of original markings, such as the logo and size number, also significantly affects value.
Rarity plays a crucial role; certain sizes, models, or logo variations are more difficult to find and, therefore, more desirable to collectors. Finally, the level of restoration, if any, can influence value. Professionally restored skillets, carefully cleaned and seasoned, are often more appealing to buyers than those in unrestored condition, but over-restoration can sometimes detract from collectibility.