Lighting your furnace pilot light might seem like a daunting task, especially if you’ve never done it before. However, with the right knowledge and a bit of caution, it’s a straightforward process that can save you a service call from a heating technician. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step, ensuring you can safely and effectively relight your furnace.
Understanding Your Furnace and Pilot Light
Before diving into the lighting process, it’s crucial to understand the basics of your furnace and the role of the pilot light. A pilot light is a small, continuous flame that ignites the main burners when your thermostat calls for heat. Older furnaces rely heavily on pilot lights, while newer models often use electronic ignition systems. Knowing which type you have is the first step.
Identifying Your Furnace Type
Not all furnaces have pilot lights. Newer furnaces often utilize electronic ignition systems like hot surface igniters or spark ignition. These systems eliminate the need for a constantly burning pilot light, making them more energy-efficient.
To determine if your furnace has a pilot light, look for a small access panel near the bottom of the unit. This panel is typically labeled with instructions or diagrams related to the pilot light. If you see wires leading to an igniter instead of a small flame, you likely have an electronic ignition system, and this guide isn’t for you.
If you’re unsure, consult your furnace’s manual. The manual will provide specific information about your furnace model, including whether it has a pilot light and instructions for lighting it.
Why Did My Pilot Light Go Out?
Several factors can cause a pilot light to extinguish. Common culprits include:
- Drafts: Strong winds or drafts can blow out the pilot light.
- Gas Supply Issues: A problem with your gas line or gas meter can interrupt the gas flow to the pilot light.
- Dirty Pilot Light Assembly: Dust, debris, and spiderwebs can clog the pilot light opening, preventing the flame from staying lit.
- Faulty Thermocouple or Flame Sensor: These components are designed to shut off the gas supply if the pilot light isn’t detected. If they malfunction, they might incorrectly shut off the gas, even when the pilot light is lit.
Identifying the cause can help you prevent future problems. For instance, if drafts are the issue, sealing gaps around the furnace or adjusting air vents might help.
Safety First: Preparing to Light the Pilot Light
Safety is paramount when working with gas appliances. Before you begin, take these essential precautions:
Gather Your Supplies
- Flashlight or Headlamp: Good visibility is crucial. Avoid using lighters or matches as your primary light source.
- Long-handled Lighter or Match: A long-handled lighter is safer than a regular lighter or match because it keeps your hand further away from the gas.
- Screwdriver (possibly): You might need a screwdriver to remove the access panel.
- Your Furnace Manual: This is your best resource for specific instructions related to your furnace model.
Turn Off the Furnace
Locate the power switch for your furnace, typically found on the side of the unit or near the access panel. Switch it to the “OFF” position. This ensures the furnace won’t attempt to ignite the burners while you’re working on the pilot light.
Turn Off the Gas Supply (If Necessary)
In some cases, you might need to turn off the gas supply to the furnace. Look for the gas shut-off valve, usually located on the gas line leading to the furnace. It’s typically a lever or knob. If you smell a strong odor of gas, immediately turn off the gas supply and call your gas company or a qualified HVAC technician.
However, turning off the gas should only be considered if there is a significant gas leak or you are unsure of your abilities. Otherwise, proceed to the next step after turning off the furnace.
Ventilate the Area
Open windows and doors in the area around the furnace to ensure proper ventilation. This helps dissipate any accumulated gas and reduces the risk of fire or explosion. Allow several minutes for the area to ventilate before proceeding.
Check for Gas Leaks
Before attempting to light the pilot light, carefully check for gas leaks. Sniff around the gas line connections and the area around the furnace. If you smell a strong odor of gas, do not attempt to light the pilot light. Evacuate the area immediately and call your gas company or a qualified HVAC technician from a safe location.
Step-by-Step Guide to Lighting the Pilot Light
Now that you’ve taken the necessary safety precautions, you can proceed with lighting the pilot light. Remember to consult your furnace’s manual for specific instructions related to your model. These steps offer a general guidance.
Locate the Pilot Light Assembly
Remove the access panel to expose the pilot light assembly. It’s usually located near the bottom of the furnace and consists of a small burner, a thermocouple or flame sensor, and a gas valve.
Identify the Gas Valve Controls
The gas valve controls are typically located near the pilot light assembly. You should see three positions: “ON,” “OFF,” and “PILOT.” You might also see a button that needs to be pressed down. Familiarize yourself with these controls before proceeding.
Set the Gas Valve to “PILOT”
Turn the gas valve knob to the “PILOT” position. This allows gas to flow to the pilot light. In some furnaces, you need to press and hold the reset button on the gas valve while turning it to the “PILOT” position.
Press and Hold the Reset Button (If Applicable)
If your furnace has a reset button, press and hold it down. This opens the gas valve to the pilot light. Keep holding the button down throughout the next step.
Light the Pilot Light
While holding the reset button (if applicable), use your long-handled lighter or match to light the pilot light. Position the flame near the pilot light opening. It may take a few seconds for the pilot light to ignite.
Hold the Reset Button (Continued)
Continue holding the reset button down for 30-60 seconds after the pilot light ignites. This allows the thermocouple or flame sensor to heat up and sense the flame. If the thermocouple or flame sensor doesn’t get hot enough, it will shut off the gas supply, extinguishing the pilot light.
Release the Reset Button
After holding the reset button for 30-60 seconds, slowly release it. The pilot light should remain lit. If the pilot light goes out, repeat steps 5-7. If it continues to go out after several attempts, there may be a problem with the thermocouple or flame sensor, or another issue requiring professional attention.
Set the Gas Valve to “ON”
Once you’re confident that the pilot light is staying lit, turn the gas valve knob to the “ON” position. This allows gas to flow to the main burners when the thermostat calls for heat.
Turn On the Furnace
Switch the furnace’s power switch back to the “ON” position.
Test the Furnace
Set your thermostat to a temperature higher than the current room temperature to trigger the furnace to turn on. Listen for the main burners to ignite. If the furnace doesn’t turn on, double-check that the gas valve is in the “ON” position and the power switch is on. If it still doesn’t work, consult your furnace’s manual or call a qualified HVAC technician.
Replace the Access Panel
Once you’ve confirmed that the furnace is working correctly, replace the access panel. Make sure it’s securely fastened.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Sometimes, lighting the pilot light isn’t as straightforward as the steps outlined above. Here are some common problems and potential solutions:
Pilot Light Won’t Stay Lit
This is one of the most common issues. Potential causes include:
- Faulty Thermocouple or Flame Sensor: This is the most likely culprit. The thermocouple or flame sensor is responsible for detecting the pilot light and keeping the gas valve open. If it’s not working correctly, it will shut off the gas supply, even when the pilot light is lit. Consider replacing it.
- Dirty Pilot Light Assembly: Dirt, debris, or spiderwebs can clog the pilot light opening, preventing the flame from staying lit. Clean the assembly with a small brush or compressed air.
- Low Gas Pressure: Insufficient gas pressure can cause the pilot light to extinguish. Contact your gas company to check the gas pressure.
- Drafts: Strong winds or drafts can blow out the pilot light. Shield the furnace from drafts or adjust air vents.
Pilot Light Won’t Light
If you’re having trouble getting the pilot light to ignite, consider these possibilities:
- No Gas Supply: Ensure that the gas valve is in the “PILOT” position and that the gas supply to the furnace is turned on.
- Clogged Pilot Light Opening: A clogged opening can prevent gas from reaching the pilot light. Clean the opening with a small wire or needle.
- Faulty Igniter: If your furnace uses a spark igniter, it might be faulty. Check the igniter for damage or corrosion.
Strong Gas Odor
If you smell a strong odor of gas, do not attempt to light the pilot light. Evacuate the area immediately and call your gas company or a qualified HVAC technician from a safe location. Gas leaks are dangerous and should be addressed immediately.
When to Call a Professional
While lighting a pilot light can be a simple task, there are times when it’s best to call a qualified HVAC technician. Consider seeking professional assistance in these situations:
- You Smell a Strong Gas Odor: As mentioned earlier, a gas leak is a serious safety hazard.
- You’re Uncomfortable Working with Gas Appliances: If you’re not confident in your ability to safely light the pilot light, it’s best to leave it to a professional.
- The Pilot Light Won’t Stay Lit After Several Attempts: This could indicate a more serious problem, such as a faulty thermocouple or flame sensor, or a problem with the gas valve.
- You Suspect a Problem with the Furnace Itself: If the furnace is making strange noises, not heating properly, or displaying error codes, it’s best to have it inspected by a qualified technician.
- You Have an Older Furnace: Older furnaces may have components that are worn or damaged, making them less safe to operate. A professional can inspect the furnace and recommend any necessary repairs or replacements.
Remember, your safety is the top priority. When in doubt, always call a professional.
Preventative Maintenance for Your Furnace
Regular maintenance can help prevent pilot light problems and keep your furnace running smoothly. Here are some tips:
- Schedule Annual Furnace Inspections: Have your furnace inspected and tuned up by a qualified HVAC technician each year.
- Replace Your Furnace Filter Regularly: A dirty filter can restrict airflow, causing the furnace to overheat and potentially damage components. Replace the filter every 1-3 months, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
- Keep the Area Around the Furnace Clean: Remove dust, debris, and cobwebs from around the furnace to prevent clogs and improve airflow.
- Check the Pilot Light Regularly: Inspect the pilot light periodically to ensure it’s burning cleanly and steadily.
- Consider Installing a Carbon Monoxide Detector: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. Install a carbon monoxide detector near your furnace to alert you to any potential leaks.
By following these tips, you can help ensure that your furnace operates safely and efficiently for years to come.
What safety precautions should I take before attempting to light my furnace pilot light?
Before attempting to light your furnace pilot light, prioritize safety above all else. First, turn off the gas supply to the furnace. This is usually done via a valve located near the furnace itself. Allowing gas to flow uncontrollably while attempting to light the pilot can create a dangerous buildup and potential explosion. Then, ventilate the area. Open windows and doors to allow any accumulated gas to dissipate before you proceed.
Next, ensure you have a clear and unobstructed view of the pilot light assembly. Remove any obstructions and have a flashlight handy if the area is dimly lit. Avoid using matches; a long-handled lighter designed for lighting appliances is much safer. Finally, familiarize yourself with the specific instructions provided by the furnace manufacturer, as procedures can vary slightly between models.
Where is the pilot light located in my furnace?
The pilot light is typically located within the furnace near the gas valve and burner assembly. Look for a small opening or access panel near the bottom of the furnace. Many furnaces have a label or diagram indicating the pilot light location. The pilot light assembly usually consists of a small tube (the pilot tube) that delivers gas to a small burner.
If you’re having trouble locating it, consult your furnace’s owner’s manual. The manual will provide a diagram of the furnace components, clearly indicating the pilot light’s position. If you don’t have the manual, you can often find a digital version online by searching for the model number of your furnace.
What tools do I need to light my furnace pilot light?
The primary tool you need is a long-handled lighter specifically designed for lighting pilot lights. These lighters have a long nozzle that allows you to safely reach the pilot light without getting your hand too close to the gas source. While matches can be used in a pinch, they are less safe and more difficult to maneuver in tight spaces.
You may also need a flathead screwdriver to open the access panel to the pilot light assembly. A flashlight can be helpful for illuminating the area, especially if your furnace is located in a dark basement. Finally, a damp cloth can be used to wipe away any dust or debris that may be obstructing the pilot light or gas valve.
What does the pilot light flame look like when it’s burning correctly?
A properly functioning pilot light flame should be steady, blue, and strong. It should envelop the thermocouple, which is a small metal rod located near the pilot light. The blue color indicates complete combustion, meaning the gas is burning efficiently and safely. The strength of the flame is important for keeping the thermocouple heated, which in turn keeps the gas valve open.
If the flame is yellow, weak, flickering, or inconsistent, it could indicate a problem with the gas supply, a dirty pilot light orifice, or a faulty thermocouple. A yellow flame often suggests incomplete combustion, which can produce carbon monoxide, a dangerous gas. If you observe any of these issues, turn off the gas and consult a qualified HVAC technician.
What do I do if the pilot light won’t stay lit?
If the pilot light lights but doesn’t stay lit after you release the pilot button, the most likely culprit is a faulty thermocouple. The thermocouple is a safety device that senses the pilot light flame and allows the main gas valve to open. If the thermocouple isn’t generating enough electricity, the gas valve will close, extinguishing the pilot light. Replacing the thermocouple is often a relatively simple and inexpensive repair.
Another possible cause is a dirty pilot light orifice. Over time, dust and debris can accumulate in the small opening that feeds gas to the pilot light, reducing the gas flow and preventing the pilot light from staying lit. Try cleaning the orifice with a small wire or compressed air. If these steps don’t work, it’s best to contact a qualified HVAC technician to diagnose and repair the problem.
How often should I clean my furnace pilot light assembly?
Cleaning your furnace pilot light assembly once a year is generally recommended to ensure optimal performance and prevent problems. This preventative maintenance can help prevent the pilot light from becoming clogged with dust and debris, which can lead to it malfunctioning or failing to light at all. The best time to clean the assembly is typically before the heating season begins.
Regular cleaning can extend the life of your furnace and improve its energy efficiency. During the cleaning process, inspect the thermocouple for any signs of damage or wear. A damaged thermocouple should be replaced promptly to ensure the safe and reliable operation of your furnace. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and maintenance.
When should I call a professional instead of attempting to light the pilot light myself?
If you smell a strong odor of gas, do not attempt to light the pilot light. Immediately turn off the gas supply to the furnace and evacuate the area. Contact your gas company or a qualified HVAC technician from a safe location to report the leak and have it repaired. A gas leak is a serious safety hazard and should never be ignored.
Furthermore, if you have attempted to light the pilot light multiple times without success or if you are uncomfortable working with gas appliances, it’s best to call a professional. Attempting to repair a furnace without the proper knowledge and experience can be dangerous and could potentially damage the appliance further. A qualified technician can diagnose the problem accurately and perform the necessary repairs safely and efficiently.