Silverware, a term often used interchangeably with flatware and cutlery, represents more than just eating utensils. It evokes images of elegant dinner parties, heirloom pieces passed down through generations, and the gleam of polished metal reflecting candlelight. But what is real silverware truly called? The answer, as with many things, is multifaceted and depends on the context and the specific material composition.
Sterling Silver: The Gold Standard of Silverware
The most accurate and widely accepted term for “real” silverware, meaning silverware crafted from a high percentage of silver, is sterling silver. This designation isn’t just a marketing ploy; it signifies a specific alloy composition: 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% of another metal, typically copper. This blend is crucial because pure silver is too soft for practical use in everyday utensils. The addition of another metal, like copper, strengthens the silver, making it more durable and resistant to bending and scratching.
The Hallmark: Your Guarantee of Sterling Silver
One of the most reliable ways to identify sterling silver is to look for a hallmark. A hallmark is a series of small stamped symbols that indicate the metal content, the maker, and sometimes the year and location of manufacture. These hallmarks are a guarantee of quality and authenticity. The specific symbols vary depending on the country and the manufacturer, but a common mark for sterling silver is “925,” representing the 92.5% silver content. Other hallmarks might include the maker’s mark, a lion passant (in British silverware), or other symbols unique to specific silversmiths. Always research hallmarks if you are unsure about the authenticity of silverware.
Why Copper is the Choice Alloy
The choice of copper as the primary alloy in sterling silver is no accident. Copper adds strength and durability without significantly affecting the silver’s beautiful luster and resistance to corrosion. It also melts and blends well with silver, creating a homogenous alloy that is easy to work with. While other metals could technically be used, copper remains the industry standard due to its optimal balance of properties.
Silver Plate: A Cost-Effective Alternative
While sterling silver represents the pinnacle of silverware quality, it’s not the only option. Silver plate offers a more affordable alternative, providing the appearance of silver without the high cost of solid sterling. Silver-plated silverware consists of a base metal, typically brass, copper, or nickel silver (also known as German silver), that has been coated with a thin layer of silver through a process called electroplating.
Understanding Electroplating
Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to deposit a thin layer of silver onto the base metal. The thickness of the silver plating can vary, which directly affects the durability and longevity of the silverware. Heavier plating will generally last longer and withstand more wear and tear. The thickness of the silver plating is often measured in microns.
Distinguishing Silver Plate from Sterling Silver
Visually distinguishing silver plate from sterling silver can be challenging, especially to the untrained eye. However, there are a few key differences to look for. First, check for hallmarks. Silver-plated items may have marks indicating the plating, such as “EP” (electroplated), “EPNS” (electroplated nickel silver), or “Silver Plate.” They will not have the “925” hallmark that denotes sterling silver. Second, examine the wear patterns. Over time, the silver plating on silver-plated items can wear away, revealing the base metal underneath. This wear is often most noticeable on the edges and high-wear areas of the utensil. Finally, silver plate pieces often feel lighter than their solid sterling silver counterparts.
Flatware: The Umbrella Term
The term flatware is a broad category that encompasses all eating utensils, regardless of their material. This includes spoons, forks, knives, and serving pieces. Flatware can be made from a variety of materials, including stainless steel, silver plate, sterling silver, and even plastic. Therefore, while “flatware” is a perfectly acceptable term, it doesn’t specifically indicate that the utensils are made of silver.
Cutlery vs. Flatware: A Subtle Distinction
The terms “cutlery” and “flatware” are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle distinction. Cutlery typically refers specifically to knives and other cutting implements, while flatware encompasses the entire set of eating utensils. So, while a set of silverware would be considered both flatware and cutlery (if it includes knives), a set of stainless steel spoons would be considered flatware but not necessarily cutlery.
Beyond the Basics: Specialized Flatware
The world of flatware extends beyond the basic forks, knives, and spoons. Specialized pieces exist for specific purposes, such as oyster forks, grapefruit spoons, butter knives, and salad forks. These specialized pieces add elegance and functionality to the dining experience. Knowing the names and uses of these specialized pieces can elevate your table setting and impress your guests.
The Allure of Antique Silverware
Antique silverware holds a unique appeal, representing a tangible connection to the past. These pieces often boast intricate designs, exquisite craftsmanship, and a rich history. Owning and using antique silverware can be a truly special experience.
Caring for Antique Silverware
Antique silverware requires special care to maintain its beauty and value. Gentle hand washing with a mild detergent is recommended. Avoid abrasive cleaners or scouring pads, as they can scratch the surface of the silver. Polishing with a silver polish specifically designed for antiques is essential to remove tarnish and restore the silver’s luster. Proper storage in a tarnish-resistant cloth or container can also help prevent tarnish.
Identifying Antique Silverware
Identifying antique silverware can be a fascinating but challenging task. Hallmarks are crucial for determining the age, origin, and maker of the piece. Researching these hallmarks and consulting with experts can help you authenticate and appraise your antique silverware. Also, design styles can help narrow down the time period the silverware was made in. Learning about different periods like Victorian, Art Deco, or Georgian can help you to determine the age.
The Investment Value of Sterling Silver
Sterling silver isn’t just beautiful and functional; it can also be a valuable investment. The price of silver fluctuates on the market, and owning sterling silver flatware can be a way to preserve and potentially increase your wealth. However, it’s important to note that the value of sterling silver flatware is not solely based on the silver content. The rarity, design, and condition of the pieces also play a significant role in determining their overall value.
Factors Affecting Silverware Value
Several factors contribute to the value of sterling silver flatware:
- Silver Content: The higher the silver content, the greater the intrinsic value of the piece.
- Rarity: Pieces from limited editions or discontinued patterns are generally more valuable.
- Design: Intricate and aesthetically pleasing designs can increase the value.
- Condition: Well-maintained pieces in excellent condition command higher prices.
- Maker: Silverware from renowned silversmiths is often more sought after.
- Provenance: If the history of the silverware can be traced, the value can be increased.
- Completeness of set: A complete set of silverware in a pattern is often worth more than individual pieces.
Selling Your Silverware
When it comes time to sell your silverware, it’s important to do your research and find a reputable buyer. Consider getting appraisals from multiple sources to ensure you’re getting a fair price. Options for selling your silverware include antique dealers, pawn shops, online marketplaces, and silver refineries. Each option has its pros and cons, so weigh your options carefully before making a decision.
In conclusion, while the term “silverware” is commonly used, understanding the nuances of “sterling silver,” “silver plate,” and “flatware” is crucial for appreciating the different types of eating utensils. Whether you’re setting a formal table or investing in valuable heirlooms, knowing the difference allows you to make informed choices and fully appreciate the beauty and craftsmanship of fine dining implements. Ultimately, sterling silver is the most accurate and widely accepted term for what most people consider “real” silverware – utensils crafted from a high percentage of pure silver.
What is the correct term for “real silverware”?
The correct term for “real silverware” is often considered to be “sterling silver.” Sterling silver refers to an alloy containing 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% of another metal, usually copper. This combination provides durability and strength, making it suitable for crafting eating utensils, serving pieces, and other items.
While “silverware” is a commonly used and widely understood term, it can also encompass items that are merely silver-plated. Therefore, to be precise and denote items made of genuine silver, “sterling silver” is the preferred and more accurate designation.
Is there a difference between silverware and flatware?
Yes, there’s a subtle but important difference. “Silverware” technically refers to eating utensils made of silver, specifically sterling silver or silver-plated items. It implies the material composition is silver or a silver alloy. This can include forks, knives, spoons, and serving pieces.
“Flatware,” on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses all eating utensils, regardless of the material they’re made from. This means flatware can include items made of stainless steel, plastic, wood, or other materials, in addition to silver-based items. So, all silverware is flatware, but not all flatware is silverware.
What does the term “silver-plated” mean?
“Silver-plated” refers to a process where a thin layer of silver is applied to the surface of a base metal, typically a less expensive metal like copper, brass, or nickel silver. This process gives the item the appearance of being made of solid silver, while significantly reducing the cost.
The layer of silver is usually applied through electroplating, a chemical process that deposits a thin coating of silver onto the base metal. Silver-plated items are more affordable than sterling silver, but the silver layer can wear off over time, revealing the underlying metal. This is why proper care is essential to maintain their appearance.
How can I tell if my silverware is sterling silver or silver-plated?
The easiest way to determine if your silverware is sterling silver or silver-plated is to look for markings or hallmarks. Sterling silver items are typically stamped with “925,” “Sterling,” or “Ster.” These markings indicate the silver content is 92.5% pure. You may also find the maker’s mark alongside these indicators.
Silver-plated items, on the other hand, are often marked with “EP” (electroplated), “EPNS” (electroplated nickel silver), or “Silverplate.” These markings indicate that the item is only coated with a layer of silver and not made of solid sterling silver. If no markings are present, it’s often a sign that the item is either of low quality or could potentially be sterling but the marks have worn away over time.
Why is sterling silver mixed with other metals?
Pure silver is a very soft and malleable metal. While beautiful, it’s not durable enough to withstand the rigors of everyday use as eating utensils or serving pieces. Items made of pure silver would easily bend, scratch, and become misshapen.
Therefore, to improve its strength and durability, sterling silver is alloyed with other metals, most commonly copper. The 7.5% of other metal content provides the necessary hardness and resistance to wear and tear, making it suitable for crafting functional and long-lasting silverware.
How should I care for my sterling silverware?
Proper care is essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of your sterling silverware. Avoid washing sterling silver in the dishwasher, as the harsh detergents and high heat can cause tarnishing and damage. Hand washing with a mild dish soap and warm water is recommended.
After washing, thoroughly dry the silverware with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent water spots and tarnishing. Store your silverware in a tarnish-resistant cloth bag or chest when not in use. Regular polishing with a silver polish specifically designed for sterling silver will help remove tarnish and keep your silverware looking its best. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or scouring pads, as they can scratch the surface.
What is the value of sterling silverware?
The value of sterling silverware is determined by several factors, including the silver content (which is consistent across sterling pieces at 92.5%), the weight of the pieces, the pattern or design, the maker, and the overall condition. Antiques or pieces from renowned silversmiths will generally command higher prices.
The current market price of silver also plays a significant role in determining the value of sterling silverware. You can typically get a rough estimate of the silver value by weighing the pieces (excluding handles for knives) and multiplying the weight by the current spot price of silver. However, collectible or particularly well-designed sets can fetch significantly more than just the melt value of the silver.