Huli Huli Chicken. The name itself conjures up images of sunny beaches, swaying palm trees, and the tantalizing aroma of smoky, sweet, and savory chicken. But beyond the deliciousness, what does “Huli Huli” actually mean? The phrase, deeply rooted in Hawaiian culture and culinary history, signifies more than just a type of grilled chicken; it’s a testament to innovation, community, and the spirit of aloha. This article delves into the origins, meaning, preparation, and cultural significance of Huli Huli chicken, offering a comprehensive understanding of this iconic Hawaiian dish.
The Literal Translation: Turning and Turning
At its core, “Huli Huli” is a Hawaiian phrase that literally translates to “turn, turn.” This straightforward translation directly refers to the method of cooking the chicken. Traditionally, Huli Huli chicken is cooked on a grill, rotisserie, or even over an open fire. The crucial step is the frequent and consistent turning (huli) of the chicken to ensure even cooking and prevent burning. This continuous turning is what gives the chicken its signature crispy skin and juicy interior.
The constant turning is not just about even cooking; it’s also about maximizing the flavor infusion. As the chicken rotates, it’s repeatedly basted with a sweet and savory marinade, allowing the flavors to penetrate deep into the meat. This basting process, combined with the smoky heat of the grill, creates the complex and irresistible flavor profile that defines Huli Huli chicken.
The History of Huli Huli Chicken: A Culinary Innovation
The precise origins of Huli Huli chicken are somewhat shrouded in culinary lore, but the generally accepted story credits Ernest Morgado, a businessman in Honolulu, with popularizing the dish. In 1955, Morgado, along with his friend Mike Asagi, created a special teriyaki-style marinade and cooked chicken on a makeshift grill at a farmers’ gathering. The delicious aroma and flavor were an instant hit, leading to more and more requests for their grilled chicken.
Morgado realized the potential of his creation and trademarked the name “Huli Huli Chicken.” He began selling it at fundraisers, fairs, and other public events. The unique cooking method, with the chicken being constantly turned, and the distinctive flavor quickly gained popularity across the Hawaiian Islands.
Interestingly, Morgado initially cooked the chicken between two grills, which made the turning process easier and more efficient. This innovative approach contributed to the dish’s widespread appeal. While many variations of the recipe exist today, the fundamental principle of turning the chicken frequently remains central to the Huli Huli experience.
The Marinade: The Secret to Huli Huli Flavor
While the “huli” (turning) is essential, the marinade is arguably the heart and soul of Huli Huli chicken. The traditional marinade is a blend of sweet, savory, and slightly tangy flavors that complement the smoky taste of the grilled chicken.
Key Ingredients in a Huli Huli Marinade
The exact ingredients and proportions vary from recipe to recipe, but some common and essential components of a Huli Huli marinade include:
- Soy sauce: Provides a salty and umami-rich base.
- Brown sugar or honey: Adds sweetness and helps to caramelize the chicken skin.
- Ginger: Offers a warm, slightly spicy flavor.
- Garlic: Contributes a pungent and savory element.
- Pineapple juice: Adds sweetness, acidity, and tenderizes the chicken.
- Sesame oil: Provides a nutty aroma and flavor.
- Rice vinegar or lemon juice: Adds acidity to balance the sweetness.
- Sherry: Some recipes include sherry to add depth of flavor.
The combination of these ingredients creates a complex and balanced flavor profile that is both familiar and unique. The marinade not only flavors the chicken but also helps to keep it moist and tender during the grilling process. The sugar in the marinade caramelizes on the skin, creating a beautiful golden-brown color and a slightly sticky texture.
Variations and Regional Influences
While the core ingredients remain relatively consistent, variations in the Huli Huli marinade reflect regional preferences and individual creativity. Some recipes may incorporate chili peppers for a spicy kick, while others might add different types of citrus juice for a brighter flavor. Local ingredients, such as Hawaiian honey or specific varieties of soy sauce, can also influence the final taste.
The Cooking Process: Mastering the Huli Huli Technique
The cooking process is just as important as the marinade when it comes to making authentic Huli Huli chicken. The key is to maintain a consistent temperature and to turn the chicken frequently to ensure even cooking and prevent burning.
Traditional Grilling Methods
Traditionally, Huli Huli chicken is cooked over an open flame or on a charcoal grill. The chicken is placed on a grill rack and turned every few minutes. This constant turning allows the chicken to cook evenly on all sides and to absorb the smoky flavor of the fire. The constant attention also ensures that the skin becomes crispy and golden-brown without burning.
Some cooks prefer to use a rotisserie for cooking Huli Huli chicken. A rotisserie automatically turns the chicken, making it easier to maintain even cooking. The constant rotation also allows the chicken to self-baste in its own juices and the marinade, resulting in a particularly moist and flavorful dish.
Modern Adaptations for Home Cooks
While traditional grilling methods are ideal, home cooks can adapt the Huli Huli technique to suit their own equipment. A gas grill can be used, but it’s important to maintain a consistent temperature and to turn the chicken frequently. Alternatively, the chicken can be cooked in the oven, although it may not have the same smoky flavor as grilled chicken. When cooking in the oven, it’s recommended to use a roasting rack to allow air to circulate around the chicken and to promote even cooking.
Tips for Perfect Huli Huli Chicken
- Marinate the chicken for at least 4 hours, or preferably overnight. This allows the flavors to penetrate deep into the meat.
- Use a meat thermometer to ensure the chicken is cooked to a safe internal temperature. The thickest part of the thigh should reach 165°F (74°C).
- Baste the chicken frequently with the marinade during cooking. This will keep the chicken moist and flavorful.
- Allow the chicken to rest for 10-15 minutes before carving. This allows the juices to redistribute, resulting in a more tender and flavorful dish.
Huli Huli Chicken Beyond the Plate: Cultural Significance
Huli Huli chicken is more than just a delicious dish; it’s a symbol of Hawaiian culture and hospitality. It’s often served at community gatherings, fundraisers, and family celebrations. The act of preparing and sharing Huli Huli chicken is a way of bringing people together and celebrating the spirit of aloha.
The communal aspect of cooking Huli Huli chicken is particularly significant. Often, multiple people will work together to prepare the marinade, tend the grill, and turn the chicken. This collaborative effort fosters a sense of community and shared purpose.
Furthermore, the popularity of Huli Huli chicken has helped to promote Hawaiian cuisine and culture to a wider audience. It’s a dish that is enjoyed by locals and tourists alike, and it serves as a reminder of the unique flavors and traditions of the Hawaiian Islands. The dish exemplifies the spirit of “Aloha,” a word that encompasses love, compassion, and mutual respect, making it more than just a meal, but a cultural experience.
Serving and Enjoying Huli Huli Chicken
Huli Huli chicken is typically served with rice and a side of macaroni salad, a classic Hawaiian plate lunch combination. The sweetness of the chicken pairs perfectly with the creamy macaroni salad and the neutral flavor of the rice. Other popular side dishes include poi (a traditional Hawaiian dish made from taro root), lomi salmon (salted salmon massaged with tomatoes and onions), and fresh pineapple.
The dish is often enjoyed outdoors, at picnics, beach gatherings, or backyard barbecues. The casual and relaxed atmosphere complements the informal nature of the dish. Huli Huli chicken is a food meant to be shared and enjoyed with friends and family.
The Future of Huli Huli: Preserving Tradition and Embracing Innovation
As Hawaiian cuisine continues to evolve and gain international recognition, Huli Huli chicken remains a beloved classic. Chefs and home cooks alike are constantly finding new ways to adapt and reinterpret the dish, while still preserving its essential flavors and techniques. From gourmet food trucks to high-end restaurants, Huli Huli chicken can be found in a variety of settings, each offering a unique take on this iconic dish.
The key to the future of Huli Huli chicken lies in striking a balance between tradition and innovation. While it’s important to respect the original recipe and cooking methods, there’s also room for experimentation and creativity. By embracing new ingredients and techniques, chefs can continue to elevate Huli Huli chicken and introduce it to new audiences around the world. In doing so, they honor the legacy of Ernest Morgado and the spirit of aloha that defines this beloved Hawaiian dish.
Huli Huli chicken is more than just a recipe. It’s a taste of Hawaii, a celebration of community, and a testament to the power of simple ingredients and thoughtful cooking. From its humble beginnings at a farmers’ gathering to its current status as a global culinary icon, Huli Huli chicken continues to delight and inspire. So, the next time you savor a bite of this delicious dish, remember the meaning behind the name: the constant turning, the rich marinade, and the spirit of aloha that makes Huli Huli chicken so special.
What exactly is Huli Huli chicken?
Huli Huli chicken is a Hawaiian style barbecued chicken, traditionally cooked on a rotating spit between two grills over kiawe wood. The name “Huli Huli” comes from the Hawaiian word “huli,” which means “to turn,” referring to the process of flipping the chicken during cooking to ensure even cooking and caramelization. The chicken is basted with a sweet and savory marinade that gives it its signature flavor.
The marinade typically includes ingredients like soy sauce, brown sugar, ginger, garlic, and sometimes pineapple juice. This creates a sticky, flavorful glaze that chars beautifully as the chicken cooks. The slow cooking process over kiawe wood imparts a smoky flavor that elevates the dish beyond typical barbecue chicken.
What is the history behind Huli Huli chicken?
The exact origins of Huli Huli chicken are somewhat debated, but it’s widely believed to have originated in 1955 with Ernest Morgado, a poultry farmer in O’ahu. While attending a farm meeting, Morgado barbecued chicken using a method he developed, basting it with a special sauce. The chicken was a hit, and he and his partner, Mike Asagi, trademarked the term “Huli Huli” and began selling it at fundraisers.
Morgado and Asagi’s success led to the widespread popularity of Huli Huli chicken. Fundraisers became a common way to enjoy this delicious barbecue, and the aroma of roasting chicken became synonymous with Hawaiian gatherings. While the trademark has since lapsed, the term “Huli Huli” remains closely associated with this unique style of Hawaiian barbecue.
What makes the Huli Huli marinade so special?
The key to a great Huli Huli chicken lies in its marinade. It’s a harmonious blend of sweet, savory, and slightly spicy flavors that complement the smokiness of the barbecue. The soy sauce provides a salty umami base, while brown sugar and often pineapple juice contribute sweetness and help with caramelization.
Ginger and garlic add a pungent aroma and flavor, creating depth and complexity. Some variations include ingredients like sesame oil, chili flakes, or even ketchup to further enhance the taste profile. The balance of these ingredients is crucial for achieving the signature Huli Huli flavor that makes it so irresistible.
What is kiawe wood and why is it used for Huli Huli chicken?
Kiawe wood is a type of mesquite wood that is commonly found in Hawaii and is highly prized for its unique flavor and burning properties. It burns hot and slow, producing a consistent heat that’s perfect for slow-cooking large quantities of chicken. The smoke from kiawe wood imparts a distinctive smoky flavor that is integral to the taste of authentic Huli Huli chicken.
The intense heat helps to quickly sear the chicken skin, locking in moisture and creating a crispy exterior. While other woods can be used, kiawe wood is considered the most authentic and contributes significantly to the overall flavor profile. Its unique aroma is part of the sensory experience of enjoying Huli Huli chicken in Hawaii.
Can I make Huli Huli chicken at home without a specialized grill?
Yes, you can definitely make Huli Huli chicken at home without a traditional rotating spit grill. While the original method is ideal, a standard barbecue grill or even an oven can produce delicious results. The key is to focus on replicating the flavor and cooking process as closely as possible.
Using a marinade that captures the sweet, savory, and smoky notes is essential. When grilling, turn the chicken frequently to ensure even cooking and prevent burning. If using an oven, broil the chicken for a few minutes at the end to achieve a crispy, caramelized skin. You might also consider adding wood chips to your grill for a smoky flavor.
What are some popular side dishes to serve with Huli Huli chicken?
Huli Huli chicken is a versatile dish that pairs well with a variety of side dishes. Classic Hawaiian accompaniments like rice, macaroni salad, and poi are popular choices. The rice provides a neutral base to soak up the flavorful sauce, while the macaroni salad adds a creamy and tangy contrast.
Other great options include grilled vegetables like corn on the cob or asparagus, a fresh tropical fruit salad, or even Hawaiian sweet rolls. The goal is to choose sides that complement the flavors of the chicken without overpowering it. Consider the sweetness and richness of the chicken when selecting your side dishes.
Are there vegetarian or vegan alternatives to Huli Huli chicken?
Yes, you can adapt the Huli Huli marinade and cooking techniques to create vegetarian or vegan versions of the dish. Tofu, tempeh, or even hearty vegetables like cauliflower or portobello mushrooms can be marinated in the Huli Huli sauce and grilled or baked.
The key is to choose ingredients that can absorb the flavors of the marinade well. For example, pressing the tofu to remove excess water before marinating will help it to soak up the flavors. Grilling or baking these alternatives will provide a similar caramelized texture and smoky flavor to the traditional chicken dish.